Data Sources

DiCRA incorporates a wide range of openly available datasets for visualisation and modelling purposes, drawn from both locally available and international satellite sources. The sources used for each layer, along with their respective frequency and resolution, are given below:

Portal	Category	Layer	Description	Resolution	Frequency	Format	Source
Geospatial Portal	Vegetation	NDVI	Measures vegetation greenness and overall plant health using light reflection.	100 m	Monthly	GeoTIFF	Copernicus Sentinel - 2, ESA
Geospatial Portal	Vegetation	NDRE	Detects chlorophyll content and early vegetation stress.	100 m	Monthly	COG	Copernicus Sentinel - 2, ESA
Geospatial Portal	Vegetation	NDMI	Monitors vegetation and soil moisture conditions.	100 m	Monthly	COG	Copernicus Sentinel - 2, ESA
Geospatial Portal	Vegetation	SAVI	Improves vegetation detection in areas with exposed soil.	100 m	Monthly	COG	Copernicus Sentinel - 2, ESA
Geospatial Portal	Vegetation	EVI	Provides improved vegetation monitoring in dense canopies.	100 m	Monthly	COG	Copernicus Sentinel - 2, ESA
Geospatial Portal	Vegetation	LAI	Represents total leaf area per unit ground area.	100 m	Monthly	COG	Copernicus Sentinel - 2, ESA
Geospatial Portal	Crop	Crop Type	This module classifies agricultural land use into seven crop-pattern categories based on seasonal NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) dynamics.	500m	yearly	COG	Copernicus Sentinel - 2, Processed using ICRISAT developed model
Geospatial Portal	Crop	Cropland	This classification scheme reduces the seasonal NDVI-derived crop pattern map into a binary land-use category.	500m	yearly	COG	Copernicus Sentinel - 2, Processed using ICRISAT developed model
Geospatial Portal	Crop	Crop Intensity	Crop intensity refers to the number of distinct cropping cycles (seasons of active cultivation) a parcel of land undergoes within a single agricultural year.	500m	yearly	COG	Copernicus Sentinel - 2, Processed using ICRISAT developed model
Geospatial Portal	Crop	Crop Stress	Crop stress refers to a decline in vegetation vigor during an otherwise active growing season, identified by anomalously low NDVI relative to the expected/healthy range for that crop and season.	500m	yearly	COG	Copernicus Sentinel - 2, Processed using ICRISAT developed model
Geospatial Portal	Soil	Bare Soil Index (BSI)	Identifies exposed soil and barren land surfaces.	100 m	Monthly	COG	Copernicus Sentinel - 2, ESA
Geospatial Portal	Soil	Soil Moisture	Represents the volumetric water content of the soil near the land surface.	1km	Monthly	COG	NASA SMAP
Geospatial Portal	Water	MNDWI	Enhances surface water detection and suppresses built-up areas.	100 m	Monthly	COG	Copernicus Sentinel - 2, ESA
Geospatial Portal	Water	NDWI	Measures vegetation water content and surface moisture.	100 m	Monthly	COG	Copernicus Sentinel - 2, ESA
Geospatial Portal	Weather	LST	Represents the temperature of the Earth’s land surface as observed by MODIS.	100 m	Monthly	COG	NASA MODIS
Geospatial Portal	Weather	TOTAL PRECIPITATION	Represents the total accumulated precipitation over a day.	1 KM	Daily	COG	ERA 5, ECMWF
Geospatial Portal	Weather	AVG. TEMPERATURE	Represents the average air temperature at 2 meters above the surface.	1 KM	Daily	COG	ERA 5, ECMWF
Geospatial Portal	Weather	AVG. PRESSURE	Represents the average atmospheric pressure at the Earth’s surface.	1 KM	Daily	COG	ERA 5, ECMWF
Geospatial Portal	Weather	AVG. HUMIDITY	Represents the average relative humidity derived from air temperature and dew point temperature.	1 KM	Daily	COG	ERA 5, ECMWF
Geospatial Portal	Socio-economic	Population	The Spatial Distribution of population	1 KM	N/A	COG	WorldPop
Geospatial Portal	Socio-economic	Population Density	Population density is a measurement of the number of people (or organisms) living in a specific geographic area	1 KM	N/A	COG	WorldPop
Geospatial Portal	Socio-economic	Relative Wealth Index	The Relative Wealth Index (RWI) is a highly detailed metric that predicts the relative standard of living within countries using non-traditional data like satellite imager	1 KM	N/A	COG	Facebook Data For Good
Geospatial Portal	Environmental	NO2	Measures atmospheric nitrogen dioxide associated with combustion-related pollution.	1 km	Monthly	COG	Copernicus Sentinel 5P, ESA
Geospatial Portal	Environmental	Ozone	Measures atmospheric ozone concentration.	1 km	Monthly	COG	Copernicus Sentinel 5P, ESA
Geospatial Portal	Environmental	Methane	Measures atmospheric methane concentration.	1 km	Monthly	COG	Copernicus Sentinel 5P, ESA
Geospatial Portal	Environmental	Formaldehyde	Measures atmospheric formaldehyde concentration.	1 km	Monthly	COG	Copernicus Sentinel 5P, ESA
Geospatial Portal	Environmental	Clouds	Represents the fraction of a satellite pixel covered by clouds.	1 km	Monthly	COG	Copernicus Sentinel 5P, ESA
Geospatial Portal	Environmental	Carbon Monoxide	Measures atmospheric carbon monoxide concentration.	1 km	Monthly	COG	Copernicus Sentinel 5P, ESA
Geospatial Portal	Environmental	Aerosol	Indicates the presence of absorbing aerosols such as dust and smoke.	1 km	Monthly	COG	Copernicus Sentinel 5P, ESA
Geospatial Portal	Environmental	Sulfur Dioxide	Measures atmospheric sulfur dioxide associated with industrial activity and volcanic emissions.	1 km	Monthly	COG	Copernicus Sentinel 5P, ESA
Geospatial Portal	Environmental	Fire Events	The thermal anomalies / active fire represent the center of a 1km pixel that is flagged by the MODIS MOD14/MYD14 Fire and Thermal Anomalies algorithm (Giglio 2003) as containing one or more fires within the pixel.		N/A		NASA FIRMS
Geospatial Portal	Infrastructure	Warehouse	Warehouse Location database		N/A	PMTiles	NABARD
Geospatial Portal	Infrastructure	Cold Storage	Locations for Cold Storage Facility.		N/A	PMTiles	National Horticulture Board
Geospatial Portal	Misc.	LULC	Provides global land use and land cover classification derived from Sentinel-2 imagery	10m	Yearly	COG	ESRI
Geospatial Portal	Analytical	NDVI DPPD	Deviation of vegetation greenness from the 10-year average for the corresponding decadal period.	1km			Derived using Sentinel 2 Data
Geospatial Portal	Analytical	LAI DPPD	Deviation of leaf area index from the 10-year average for the corresponding decadal period.	1km			Derived using Sentinel 2 Data
Geospatial Portal	Analytical	SOILM DPPD	Deviation of soil moisture conditions from the 10-year average for the corresponding decadal period.	1km			Derived using SMAP Data
Geospatial Portal	Analytical	EVI DPPD	Deviation of EVI conditions from the 10-year average for the corresponding decadal period.	1km			Derived using Sentinel 2 Data
Livestock Portal	Cattle Heat Index	RH	Daily mean RH computed by resampling hourly RH values to IST calendar day (UTC+5:30 offset applied before grouping). Represents the 24-hour average atmospheric moisture load per district.	1km	daily	COG	ERA5 Reanalysis
Livestock Portal	Cattle Heat Index	Temperature-Humidity Index (THI)	THI integrates temperature and relative humidity to quantify thermal discomfort, making it more sensitive to heat stress conditions than temperature alone.	1km	daily	COG	ERA5 Reanalysis
Livestock Portal	Livestock Statistics	Statistics	Providing Livestock Statistics breakdown at an all-India scale	Pan-India	N/A	N/A	20th Livestock Census
Climate Dashboard	Heat Stress	Excess Heat Factor (EHF)	The Excess Heat Factor (EHF) is a metric used to measure the severity of a heatwave.	1km	Static	COG	Derived (DiCRA Climate Model) | IMD Gridded Data
Climate Dashboard	Heat Stress	Heat Index	The heat index, combines air temperature and relative humidity to represent how hot the weather actually feels to the human body	1km	Static	COG	Derived (DiCRA Climate Model) | IMD Gridded Data
Climate Dashboard	Extreme Precipitation Risk	Extreme Events	Intense rainfall events disrupt agriculture, damage infrastructure, and contribute to flooding, particularly in vulnerable regions.	1km	Static	COG	Derived (DiCRA Climate Model) | IMD Gridded Data
Climate Dashboard	Flood Risk	Flow Direction	Direction of water flow from each cell	1KM	Static	COG	Derived (DiCRA Climate Model) | Carto-DEM (ISRO)
Climate Dashboard	Flood Risk	Flood Susceptibility Index (FSI)	Weighted composite of 9 factors via FAHP	1KM	Static	COG	Derived (DiCRA Climate Model) | Carto-DEM (ISRO)
Climate Dashboard	Flood Risk	RFS Risk Zone Map	FSI classified into 10 risk classes (Natural Breaks/Jenks)	1km	Static	COG	Derived (DiCRA Climate Model) | Carto-DEM (ISRO)
Climate Dashboard	Fire Risk	Kernel Density (Fire Hotspot)	KDE-based fire hotspot density, normalized 0–1	1 km	Static	COG	Derived (DiCRA Climate Model) | FIRMS, NASA
Climate Dashboard	Fire Risk	Fire Risk Index (FRI)	Weighted composite of 9 factors via FAHP	1 km	Static	COG	Derived (DiCRA Climate Model) | FIRMS, NASA
Climate Dashboard	Fire Risk	Fire Risk Zone Map	FRI reclassified into 10 categories	1km	Static	COG	Derived (DiCRA Climate Model) | FIRMS, NASA
Climate Dashboard	Drought Risk	SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index)	Gamma-fitted, standardized z-score of 3-month precipitation	1km	Static	COG	Derived (DiCRA Climate Model) | IMD Gridded Data
Climate Dashboard	Drought Risk	Drought Risk Map	SPI classified into 10 severity/risk classes per WMO thresholds	1km	Static	COG	Derived (DiCRA Climate Model) | IMD Gridded Data
Climate Dashboard	Landslide Risk	Frequency Ratio (FR) Layers	Normalized FR values per factor class, derived from historical landslide point sampling	1km	Static	COG	Derived (DiCRA Climate Model) | Carto-DEM (ISRO) / GSI
Climate Dashboard	Landslide Risk	Landslide Susceptibility Map (LSM)	Weighted sum of normalized FR layers × factor weights	1km	Static	COG	Derived (DiCRA Climate Model) | Carto-DEM (ISRO) / GSI
Climate Dashboard	Landslide Risk	LSM Risk Zone Map	LSM reclassified into 10 classes from low to high	1km	Static	COG	Derived (DiCRA Climate Model) | Carto-DEM (ISRO) / GSI
Climate Dashboard	Cyclone Risk	Cyclone Tracks	Historical cyclone track lines	Track-based	historical archive	COG	Derived (DiCRA Climate Model) | NOAA IBTrACS
Climate Dashboard	Cyclone Risk	Cyclone Vulnerability Index (CVI)	AHP-weighted overlay of 4 criteria layers	1km	Static	COG	Derived (DiCRA Climate Model) | (AHP, weighted overlay)
Climate Dashboard	Cyclone Risk	Cyclone Vulnerability Zone Map	CVI classified into 5 vulnerability classes	1km	Static	COG	Derived (DiCRA Climate Model) | NOAA IBTrACS
Climate Dashboard	Urban flood Risk	Flood Risk Index	AHP-weighted overlay of 6 factors	1km	Static	COG	Derived (DiCRA Climate Model) | Carto-DEM (ISRO)
Climate Dashboard	Urban flood Risk	Flood Risk Zone Map	Risk Index reclassified into 10 zones	1km	Static	COG	Derived (DiCRA Climate Model) | Carto-DEM (ISRO)
Climate Dashboard	Earthquake Risk	Earthquake Risk Index	AHP-weighted overlay of 5 factors	1km	Static	COG	Derived (DiCRA Climate Model) | GSI
Climate Dashboard	Earthquake Risk	Earthquake Risk Zone Map	Risk Index reclassified into 10 zones	1km	Static	COG	Derived (DiCRA Climate Model) | GSI
Climate Dashboard	Total Risk Score	Total Climate Risk	Risk Index reclassified into 10 zones	1km	Static	COG	DiCRA CVI Model
Climate Dashboard	Climate Vulnerability Index	CVI	Climate Vulnerability Index combining Hazard (H), Exposure (E), Sensitivity (S), and Adaptive Capacity (AC)				DiCRA CVI Model
Yield Estimation	Crop	Paddy Yield	District/village-level paddy (rice) crop yield derived from semi-physical modelling, expressed in tonnes per hectare (ton/ha), for the Kharif season, 2020–2025.	500m	Yearly	COG	Copernicus Sentinel - 2, ESA
Yield Estimation	Crop	Wheat Yield	District/village-level wheat crop yield derived from raster-based yield modeling, expressed in tonnes per hectare (ton/ha), for the Rabi season, 2020–2025.	500m	Yearly	COG	Copernicus Sentinel - 2, ESA
PLP	Credit Plan	PLP Chatbot	Chatbot that can be queried on Potential Linked Credit Plan documents.	N/A	Yearly	PDF	Ingestion of PLP Credit Plan Documents for 2024-2025

Extreme Precipitation

Input Data

Dataset	Source	Format	Resolution	Temporal Coverage	Refresh Cycle
ERA5 Daily Precipitation	Copernicus CDS	GRIB2 / GeoTIFF	~0.1° (~11 km); upsampled to 1 km	1994–Present (continuous)	Monthly (1st of month)

Output Data

Output Name	Format	Unit Range	Description
95th Percentile Map	GeoTIFF + COG	mm	Local extreme precipitation threshold per grid cell
Extreme Event Frequency	GeoTIFF + COG	days/year	Annual count of days exceeding P95
Extreme Precipitation Risk Index	GeoTIFF + COG	0–100 (index)	Integrated risk score based on frequency and intensity

Layer Quick Reference

Layer Name	Display Name	Resolution	Frequency	Source
NDVI	Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)	10 m	Monthly	Sentinel-2
BSI	Bare Soil Index	20 m	Monthly	Landsat-8
MNDWI	Modified Normalized Difference Water Index	20 m	Monthly	Sentinel-2
NDRE	Normalized Difference Red Edge Index	20 m	Monthly	Sentinel-2
NDWI	Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI)	10 m	Monthly	Sentinel-2
NDMI	Normalized Difference Moisture Index	20 m	Monthly	Sentinel-2
SAVI	Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index	20 m	Monthly	Sentinel-2
EVI	Enhanced Vegetation Index	10 m	Monthly	Sentinel-2
LAI	Leaf Area Index	20 m	Monthly	Sentinel-2
NO2	Nitrogen Dioxide	3.5 × 5.5 km	7 days	Sentinel-5P
O3	Ozone	3.5 × 5.5 km	7 days	Sentinel-5P
CH4	Methane	3.5 × 5.5 km	7 days	Sentinel-5P
HCHO	Formaldehyde	3.5 × 5.5 km	7 days	Sentinel-5P
CLOUD	Cloud	3.5 × 5.5 km	7 days	Sentinel-5P
CO	Carbon Monoxide	3.5 × 5.5 km	7 days	Sentinel-5P
AEROSOL	Aerosol Index	3.5 × 5.5 km	7 days	Sentinel-5P
SO2	Sulfur Dioxide	3.5 × 5.5 km	7 days	Sentinel-5P
LST	Land Surface Temperature	1 km	Monthly	MODIS
LULC	Land Use Land Cover	10 m	Yearly	ESRI
AVG. TEMPERATURE	Avg. Temperature Daily	9 km	Daily	ERA-5
AVG. PRESSURE	Avg. Pressure Daily	9 km	Daily	ERA-5
AVG. HUMIDITY	Avg. Rel. Humidity Daily	9 km	Daily	ERA-5
TOTAL PRECIP	Total Precipitation Daily	9 km	Daily	ERA-5
FIRE EVENTS	Fire Events	—	Yearly	ESDIS
WAREHOUSES	Warehouses	—	—	NABARD (via Gramin Bhandaran Yojana)
POPULATION	Population	1 km	Yearly	WorldPop
SOILM	Soil Moisture	13 km	Monthly	SMAP
CROP STRESS	Crop Stress	100 m	Yearly	Derived
CROP TYPE	Crop Type	100 m	Yearly	Derived
CROPLAND	Cropland	100 m	Yearly	Derived
CROP INTENSITY	Crop Intensity	100 m	Yearly	Derived
NDVI DPPD	Normalized Difference Vegetation Index Deviance	1 km	Yearly	Derived
NDWI DPPD	Normalized Difference Water Index Deviance	1 km	Yearly	Derived
LAI DPPD	Leaf Area Index Deviance	1 km	Yearly	Derived
NO2 DPPD	Nitrogen Dioxide Deviance	1 km	Yearly	Derived
LST DPPD	Land Surface Temperature Deviance	1 km	Yearly	Derived
SOILM DDPD	Soil Moisture Deviance	1 km	Yearly	Derived
THI	Temperature Humidity Index	1 km	Daily	Derived
RICE CROP YIELD	Crop Yield	500 m	Yearly	Derived
WHEAT CROP YIELD	Crop Yield	500 m	Yearly	Derived
HSR	Heat Stress Risk	1 km	—	Derived
EPR	Extreme Precipitation Risk	1 km	—	Derived
FR	Fire Risk	1 km	—	Derived
CR	Cyclone Risk	1 km	—	Derived
LR	Landslide Risk	1 km	—	Derived
RFR	Riverine Flood Risk	1 km	—	Derived
UFR	Urban Flood Risk	1 km	—	Derived
DR	Drought Risk	1 km	—	Derived
ER	Earthquake Risk	1 km	—	Derived
CRS	Climate Risk Score	1 km	—	Derived

The detailed data catalogue documentation can be found in the DiCRA GitHub repository.